bilateral inferior articular processes are lined with synovial cartilage and project posteroinferiorly from where the pedicles and laminae fuse, medial to the base of the transverse processes. bilateral transverse processes project posterolaterally from where the pedicles and laminae fuse.Seven processes arise from the neural arch, that provides articular support and attachments for ligaments and muscles: the laminae are bilateral, flattened plates that extend posteromedially from the posterior margin of the pedicles, to meet in the midline forming the posterior wall of the vertebral foramen.The superior and inferior margins of each pedicle are slightly curved and form the vertebral notches, which when an adjacent vertebra is joined, create the intervertebral (or neural) foramina which transmit the nerve roots and associated vessels They join with the lateral aspects of the laminae posteriorly. the pedicles which are short, thick bilateral processes that protrude posteriorly from the posterolateral corner of the vertebral body forming the lateral walls of the vertebral foramen.The neural arch is comprised of the bone posterior to the vertebral body which has several individual components that are fused to form a ring (the vertebral foramen) that encloses the spinal canal. Each vertebra articulates with the vertebrae above and below it via an intervertebral disc. The size of the vertebral bodies increases down the spine as the size and weight of the body it has to support above it increase. The vertebral body is the large anterior cylindrical portion that is predominantly responsible for bearing the weight of the spine and body above it. These basic characteristics vary depending on the function of each individual vertebra. Vertebrae, apart from those that are atypical, have a similar basic structure which can be described as an anterior vertebral body and a posterior neural (or vertebral) arch.
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